Matt Cutts (He is currently the head of Google's Webspam team) went to Google’s Kirkland offices where he was recorded when talking about the anatomy of a search result giving useful tips to help you improve how your sites show up in Google’s results pages.
In my opinion, Matt gives high quality information, he covers everything you see in a search result, page title, page description, sitelinks plus other explanation about those elements that sometimes appear, such as stock quotes, cached pages links, etc.
I have embbeded the video below for you. Have fun!!!